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This is the second part of our exploration into co- and contravariance. In part one, we covered the basic concepts and intuitions behind variance in type systems. Hopefully it already helped you to gain better understanding in the various co- and contravariance concepts. If you still struggle and change minusses to plusses or vice versa (or super to extend clauses) then this second part is for you.

von Markus Klink

With a simple example, the concept of co- and contravariance is understood. Forever and for everybody! With examples for scala and java developers.

von Markus Klink